Research Article
Management of Hyperthyroidism in Senegal with Radioactive Iodine (Radioiodine Therapy): A Study of 142 Cases
Thiaw Gora*
,
Ki Thierry Romuald,
Boye Adji Thioro,
Djigo Mamoudou Salif,
Gueye Kalidou,
Diop Ousseynou,
Bathily El Hadji Amadou Lamine,
Ndong Boucar
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, December 2026
Pages:
24-33
Received:
21 September 2026
Accepted:
4 October 2026
Published:
23 October 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ejb.20261402.11
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Abstract: Introduction: Hyperthyroidism encompasses all the clinical and biological manifestation associated with overactivity of the thyroid gland. In Senegal, epidemiological data enabling an estimate of the overall prevalence of hyperthyroidism remain limited. However, studies conducted in our own centers point to a high prevalence of hyperthyroidism relative to other thyroid disorders, with a clear female predominance. In our country, it is generally offered as a second-line treatment, following the use of ATDs. Our main objective was to assess the place of this treatment in managing hyperthyroidism in adults in our setting. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study from January 2016 to December 2022, involving 142 patients with hyperthyroidism treated with radioiodine therapy at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Idrissa POUYE General Hospital, Dakar. Radioiodine therapy was administered according to established indications and after exclusion of contraindications and obtaining informed consent. Treatment was performed on an outpatient basis, with radiation protection instructions provided to all patients. An ablative dose was preferred to optimise therapeutic efficacy. Clinical and laboratory assessment was performed at 6 and 12 months. Results: The mean age was 42.7 years ± 13.05 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 72 years. There was a clear predominance of female, corresponding to a sex ratio of 0.23. The 31- 45 age group was the most represented, accounting for 43.5% of patients. Graves' disease was the most common etiology, found in 128 patients. Seven patients had TMG ; 2 had TA ; one had a pre-toxic left lobar nodule ; and 4 had hyperthyroidism of undetermined etiology. Radioiodine therapy was prescribed as second-line treatment in 98% of cases. The mean interval between discontinuation of ATDs and radioiodine administration was 12.5 days, ranging from 2 to 90 days. The average activity of iodine-131 administered using an empirical approach was 16.53 mCi. At 6 months, 23.07% of patients were euthyroid, 50.77% were hypothyroid, 13.84% remained hyperthyroid, and 12.30% showed clinico-biological discordance. Therapeutic efficacy at 6 months was 73.84%. Following a second dose in 9 patients and continued monitoring of the remainder, the overall success rate reached 85.38% at 12 months. Conclusion: Radioiodine therapy is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for the management of hyperthyroidism. In our series, its efficacy was 85.38% at 12 months. These results confirm its value in the Senegalese context, particularly in Graves’ disease, and support the wider adoption of this treatment.
Abstract: Introduction: Hyperthyroidism encompasses all the clinical and biological manifestation associated with overactivity of the thyroid gland. In Senegal, epidemiological data enabling an estimate of the overall prevalence of hyperthyroidism remain limited. However, studies conducted in our own centers point to a high prevalence of hyperthyroidism rela...
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