Selective Mitophagy in Budding Yeast, a Mitochondrial Self-Eating Quality Control
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
49-60
Received:
11 August 2014
Accepted:
26 August 2014
Published:
10 November 2014
Abstract: Mitochondria are responsible for the essential role in the cell survival by regulating the cellular energy, homeostasis, oxidative phosphorylation process, fatty acid oxidation and in the cell death process by regulating apoptosis. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced by mitochondria that pose oxidative damage to lipids, protein and mitochondrial DNA and additional production of ROS is triggered by this damage. On the other hand, the host cell control the life and death of mitochondria that include degradation, fission and growth. Recent research has been focused on the autophagic degradation of mitochondria, which is also mitophagy that results in significant discovery of the mechanism, function and regulation of mitophagy in eukaryotic cell especially in budding yeast. Mitophagy has been found to be important quality control mechanism for mitochondria. It has a key role in the eliminating of damaged mitochondria. Many studies have been done to unravel the mechanism and regulatory features of proteins involved in mitophagy but the results are inconsistent and conflicting. Mitochondrial surface receptor involved in mitochondrial autophagy has been recently identified using yeast genetics. Recent studies have been discovered specific regulators of Mitophagy that ensure selective sequestration of mitochondria as cargo. According to our understanding, in this paper we will review recent advances of different pathways of Mitophagy in the yeast. We will review the main proteins which play an essential role in controlling this process and the main pathways which lead to a highly controlled Mitophagy process.
Abstract: Mitochondria are responsible for the essential role in the cell survival by regulating the cellular energy, homeostasis, oxidative phosphorylation process, fatty acid oxidation and in the cell death process by regulating apoptosis. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced by mitochondria that pose oxidative damage to lipids, protein and m...
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Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents and Thermal Sampling Technique of γ-Irradiated Gelatin and PVA Homopolymers and 50/50 (wt/wt %) Blend Sample
F. H. Abd El-kader,
S. A. Gaffar,
A. F. Basha,
S. I. Bannan,
M. F. H. Abd El-kader
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
61-71
Received:
2 November 2014
Accepted:
26 November 2014
Published:
28 November 2014
Abstract: Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) and thermal sampling (TS) method were used to systematically characterize the α-relaxation process in gelatin and PVA homopolymers and their blend sample of 50/50 (wt/wt %) composition. In addition, γ-irradiation effect on TSDC spectra of samples under investigation was studied. Measurements of TSDC at different polarizing field strengths, polarization temperatures and times made it possible to obtain a complete picture of kinetic transitions, local modes of motion and space charge polarization in one heating cycle. On γ-irradiation, the change in shape, position and area of the α-relaxation peak of the samples were attributed to the variation of distribution function of associated relaxation times. The thermal sampling procedure was applied to decompose the complex relaxations into their narrowly distributed components. The molecular parameters such as activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (τo) for TS processes have been estimated. A linear relationship between the activation energy and logarithm of pre-exponential factor confirms the existence of a compensation behavior. The compensation temperature Tc and compensation time τc for the present samples have been determined.
Abstract: Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) and thermal sampling (TS) method were used to systematically characterize the α-relaxation process in gelatin and PVA homopolymers and their blend sample of 50/50 (wt/wt %) composition. In addition, γ-irradiation effect on TSDC spectra of samples under investigation was studied. Measurements of TSD...
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